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European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties. European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice (part of the Court of Justice of the European Union) is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law. ==History== The idea of international, and European integration of national polities has a history as old as the creation of the modern idea of the nation state, which is generally held to be around the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. An English Quaker called William Penn, argued in 1693 that to prevent the wars that were rife throughout Europe, it was necessary to create a "European dyet, or parliament" 〔W Penn, ''An ESSAY towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe by the Establishment of an European Dyet, Parliament, or Estates'' ((1693 )) in AR Murphy, ''The Political Writings of William Penn'' (2002) See D Urwin, ''The Community of Europe: A History of European Integration'' (1995)〕 *Second World War *Treaty of Versailles' system of reparations and the collapse of the League of Nations *Bretton Woods *European Coal and Steel Community *Treaty of Rome *Single European Act *Treaty of Maastricht *Treaty of Amsterdam *Constitutional Treaty failure *Treaty of Lisbon *TSCG and TEESM *Geographic scope: TEU art 49 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「European Union law」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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